Glossary
H
Pharmaceuticals that may exclusively be administered in hospitals.
In German: Krankenhausexklusve Arzneimittel
Arzneimittel, die ausschließlich…
1. Any active ingredient or combination of active ingredients presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings.
2.…
I
An in-patient is a patient who is formally admitted (or “hospitalised”) to an institution for treatment and/or care and stays for a minimum of one…
Pricing the same medicine differently based on the indication in which it is being used.
Different variants for implementation have been proposed (e.…
Informal payments are payments to health care professionals in cash or in kind made outside official remuneration for these services by third party…
An interchangeable pharmaceutical product is one which is therapeutically equivalent to a comparator product and can be interchanged with the…
Interface management relates to policies, mechanisms, and measures of cooperation between the hospital and outpatient sectors, such as collaborative…
The practice of using the price(s) of identical medicines (ATC 5 level) or similar products (ATC 4 level) or therapeutically equivalent therapies in…
Requirements for prescribers (e.g. physicians) to prescribe a medicine by its INN, i.e. the active ingredient name instead of the brand name.…
Umbrella term for retailers of prescription-only medicines (POM) non-prescription medicines (NPM) that sell their products via the World Wide Web.…
L
The practice of brand-name manufacturers seeking to further extend the market exclusivity periods for their medicines to maintain revenue streams.…
The price that suppliers display as the price at which they are prepared to sell their product and/or regulated by legislation. A list price is…
M
Any medicine prepared in a pharmacy in accordance with a medical prescription for an individual patient.
In German: Magistrale Zubereitung /…
An arrangement between a manufacturer and payer/provider that enables access to (coverage/reimbursement of) a health technology subject to specified…
Natural or legal person with responsibility for the manufacturing of a product.
Manufacturing includes all operations of receipt of materials,…
The percentage of the selling price that is profit. In the case of the pharmaceutical distribution, a wholesale or pharmacy margin is price-dependant…
Increase or decrease in costs as the result of one more or one less unit of output.
Determining marginal cost is important in deciding whether or not…
The mark-up is the percentage of the purchasing price added on to get the selling price.
A mark-up is added on to the total cost incurred by the…
Actors with a commercial interest in the pharmaceutical system. Market players include pharmaceutical manufacturers, distribution actors and…
A licence issued by a medicines agency approving a medicine for market use based on a determination by authorities that the medicine meets the…