Glossary

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ABC analysis
Method by which medicines are divided, according to their annual usage (unit cost times annual consumption) into class A items (the 10 to 20 percent…

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Access
The patient's ability to obtain medical care, including medicines, and a measure of the proportion of a population that reaches appropriate health…

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Access with evidence development (AED)
Initiative in which a payer provides temporary or interim funding for a particular technology or service to facilitate the collection of information…

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Accreditation
An evaluative process in which a health care organisation undergoes an examination of its policies, procedures and performance by an external…

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Active ingredient
Ingredient that alone or in combination with one or more other ingredients is considered to fulfil the intended activity of a medicine. Synonym:…

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Actor
Umbrella term for persons and entities which comprises authorities, market players and stakeholders.

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Actual price
The price that is actually paid by the purchaser taking into account any granted discounts and/or rebates. The actual price may correspond to the…

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Acute care
A type of health care in which a patient is treated for an acute (immediate and severe) episode of illness, for the subsequent treatment of injuries…

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Acute care beds
Acute care beds are beds accommodating patients where the principal clinical intent is to do one or more of the following: - manage labour (obstetric…

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Adaptive licensing
A prospectively planned process, starting with the early authorization of a medicine in a restricted patient population, followed by iterative phases…

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Adherence
Adherence to long term therapy is defined as the the extent to which a person’s behaviour – taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing…

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Advanced therapy medicinal product
Advanced therapy medicinal products are based on manufacturing processes focussed on various gene transfer-produced bio-molecules, and/or…

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Adverse reaction
A response to a medicinal product which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or…

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Affordability
The extent to which medicines and further health care products are available to the people who need them at a price they / their health system can…

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Analogous substitution
Dispensation of a medicine (often generic) by the pharmacist with a different active ingredient (or combination product) but the same therapeutic…

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Anatomical, therapeutic, chemical classification
A classification system of medicines where the active ingredients are divided into different groups according to the organ or system on which they…

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Auction
A system where potential buyers place competitive bids on assets and services. The asset or service in question will sell to the party that places…

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Authority
Government entities responsible for designing the regulatory framework and implementing policies (e.g. ministries, public agencies). In the European…

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Batch
A specific quantity of material produced in a process or series of processes so that it is expected to be homogeneous within specified limits. In the…

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Benchmark
A measure or standard to which an activity, performance, service or result can be compared. Benchmarking is the term given to the process of…