Glossary
P
Pharmaceutical research includes scientific and policy studies in the pre-clinical, clinical and post-clinical phase of a medicine (e.g. basic and…
Pharmaceutical samples are medicines which are given out for free to physicians mostly by pharmaceutical representatives. The purpose of a…
Pharmaceutical services encompass a diverse range of activities aimed at ensuring patient and community access to medicines. These services extend…
A pharmaceutical system comprises the following elements: regulatory (marketing authorisation, market surveillance, vigilance), pricing, funding…
Health professionals who have graduated with a degree in pharmacy and have completed practical training in a pharmacy.
In German: Apotheker:in…
A discipline for economic evaluation of pharmaceutical products and services through determination, measurement and comparison of their costs and…
Group of ingredients according to their effects in human beings or animals.
Last update: 26 June 2023
Source: PPRI
Pharmacopoeia (literally, the art of the medicine compounder), in its modern technical sense, is a book containing directions for the identification…
Pharmacovigilance is the process and science of monitoring the safety of medicines and taking action to reduce risks and increase benefits from…
Cf. community pharmacy and hospital pharmacy.
In German: Apotheke
Abgabestelle von Arzneimitteln zur Versorgung von Patientinnen/Patienten. Der…
A group of pharmacies belonging to the same owner which may or may not be a pharmacist.
Synonym: pharmacy group
In German: Apothekenkette
Mehrere…
A pharmaceutical retail facility, often in place in rural and/or scarcely populated areas to guarantee pharmaceutical provision, e.g. Postos…
The price charged by wholesalers to the retailers (usually community pharmacies). It is based on the ex-factory price and additionally includes any…
The price charged by community pharmacies to the general public, including any pharmacy remuneration such a pharmacy mark-up or dispensing fee.
In…
A tax - other than the value-added tax/VAT - levied by a state or municipality on the pharmacy retail price of an item, collected from the retailer…
A medicine which may only dispensed in a pharmacy (or another POM dispensary). Cf. General Sales List (GSL) medicines
In German:…
Instruments, tools and approaches that allow policy makers to achieve defined objectives. Examples for pharmaceutical policy measures are price cuts…
A person or institution that is involved in policy development and formulation (e.g. national governments, public authorities).
Last update: 26 June…
The administration of many medicines at the same time or the administration of an excessive number of medicines.
Last update: 26 June 2023
Source:…
A medication which contains a combination of multiple active ingredients. Originally the term was created to aim at prevention of cardiovascular…