Glossary
O
Out-patient departments are specialised and/or general units that may be located within all kinds of hospitals, which, however, serve out-patients.…
The type of the health care sector in which out-patient care is provided, in contrast to the hospital (in-patient sector). Cf. out-patient care
Last…
An agreement where the manufacturer provides rebates, refunds, or price adjustments if the product fails to meet the agreed outcome target. See also…
If a physician prescribes more medicines than physicians whose prescription pattern is believed to be comparable (e.g. with a patient of similar…
A pharmaceutical which may be dispensed without a prescription. In some countries they are available via self-service in pharmacies and/or other…
P
A form of arbitrage in which medicine are purchased in one country, typically where income levels are relatively low, and sold into other countries,…
Products to treat or alleviate a disease which do not correspond to the legal definition of a medicine.
Synonym: Parapharmaceutical
In German: Para-…
A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in…
After a defined period of time the patent is no longer valid and subsequent medicines (i.e. generics, biosimilar) may come on the market.
Last…
Collections of secondary (clinical) data on diagnosis, follow-up and treatment related to patients with a specific diagnosis, condition, or procedure…
A financial mechanism that requires manufacturers, or other health care stakeholders, to refund a part of their revenue to a payer (i.e. third party…
One type of co-payment asking patients to cost-share in the form of a set proportion of the cost of a service or product (e.g. a medicine)
In German…
Agreement between a payer and a pharmaceutical, device or diagnostic manufacturer where the price level and/or revenue received is related to the…
Schemes between healthcare payers and medical product manufacturers in which the price, level, or nature of reimbursement are tied to future measures…
Schemes where the reimbursement level for covered products is tied to the measure of clinical outcomes in the real world.
See also: Managed entry…
Policies undertaken around the launch of a medicine on the market. Related to the entry of new medicines, this might be specific arrangements (e.g.…
A Pharmaceutical and Therapeutics Committee is assigned to develop a list of medicines (hospital pharmaceutical formulary) that is authorised for…
A pharmaceutical policy in which the maximum amount of money to be spent on medicines during a period of time is defined ex ante. Pharmaceutical…
The pharmacologist/pharmacist’s contribution to the care of individuals in order to optimise medicines use and improve health outcomes.
In German: „…
A unit within a hospital for the internal supply of the hospital with medicines. It usually has fewer tasks, competences and responsibilities than a…